期刊
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
卷 200, 期 -, 页码 93-104出版社
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2015.01.036
关键词
Biomonitoring; EMEP maps; Heavy metals; Nitrogen; Moss survey
资金
- United Kingdom Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) [AQ0810, AQ0833]
- UNECE (Trust Fund)
- Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)
- NERC [ceh020004] Funding Source: UKRI
- Natural Environment Research Council [ceh020004] Funding Source: researchfish
In recent decades, naturally growing mosses have been used successfully as biomonitors of atmospheric deposition of heavy metals and nitrogen. Since 1990, the European moss survey has been repeated at five-yearly intervals. In 2010, the lowest concentrations of metals and nitrogen in mosses were generally found in northern Europe, whereas the highest concentrations were observed in (south-)eastern Europe for metals and the central belt for nitrogen. Averaged across Europe, since 1990, the median concentration in mosses has declined the most for lead (77%), followed by vanadium (55%), cadmium (51%), chromium (43%), zinc (34%), nickel (33%), iron (27%), arsenic (21%, since 1995), mercury (14%, since 1995) and copper (11%). Between 2005 and 2010, the decline ranged from 6% for copper to 36% for lead; for nitrogen the decline was 5%. Despite the Europe-wide decline, no changes or increases have been observed between 2005 and 2010 in some (regions of) countries. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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