Parents' perspectives of physical activity participation among Canadian adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Background: Despite the numerous health and social benefits of regular physical activity participation, adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are less likely to be active compared to their age-related peers. Yet, little is known why they are predominantly inactive, with a paucity of research that has examined how socio-behavioural mechanisms influence their participation. With no previous research in Canada, and very limited research in this area, this study examined parents' perspectives and experiences of physical activity participation. Method: Ten in-depth interviews were conducted with parents of adolescents with ASD. Interview data was analyzed thematically. Results: Parents prioritized behavioural/communication interventions over physical activity throughout their adolescent's life. This prioritization was most pronounced during childhood, and the lack of participation during their formative years shaped physical activity interests in adolescence. Second, parents also described experiencing systemic challenges when accessing physical activity programs, including a lack of awareness of ASD among service providers, funding challenges, and limited/few program options. The lack of PA individualization and competing commitments contributed to tremendous strain on families. Third, the findings suggest early guidance is needed to help parents balance family life, schooling, and therapies with PA. Conclusion: Findings suggest that biological and socio-behavioural mechanisms functioned concurrently to influence physical activity participation. A family-centred, multidisciplinary collaborative approach that includes health care practitioners such as physical therapists can potentially be used to facilitate physical activity participation. Efforts educating community service providers about ASD are also needed in an effort to increase participation.