A review on proton conducting electrolytes for clean energy and intermediate temperature-solid oxide fuel cells

The aims of this review article is to understand the mechanism of proton-conducting solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) and compare it with conventional SOFC, to understand how dopants help to improve the conductivity and stability of doped materials, to investigate and analyze the effect or impact (in terms of conductivity and stability) of different types of dopants on the materials as proton-conducting electrolyte in intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cell (IT-SOFC) and to study the experimental reviews on the methods in synthesizing the materials. Emphasis is given on the relationship between structural and mechanistic features of the crystalline materials and their ion conduction properties. This review will be focusing more on BaCeO3 and BaZrO3 as these electrolyte materials were in the focus of research during the past decades due to their considerable proton conductivity and stability.