期刊
NEURORADIOLOGY JOURNAL
卷 31, 期 2, 页码 104-125出版社
SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC
DOI: 10.1177/1971400917740361
关键词
Orbital apex; cavernous sinus; superior orbital fissure; ophthalmoplegia; ptosis; proptosis
类别
Orbital apex disorders include orbital apex syndrome, superior orbital fissure syndrome and cavernous sinus syndrome. These disorders result from various etiologies, including trauma, neoplastic, developmental, infectious, inflammatory as well as vascular causes. In the past, these have been described separately based on anatomical locations of disease process; however, these three disorders share similar causes, diagnostic evaluation and management strategies. The etiology is diverse and management is directed to the causative process. This imaging review summarizes the pertinent anatomy of the orbital apex and illustrates representative pathological processes that may affect this region. The purpose of this review is to provide an update on the current status of diagnostic imaging and management of patients with orbital apex disorders.
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