期刊
QJM-AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
卷 110, 期 9, 页码 559-564出版社
OXFORD UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcx076
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资金
- European Community's Seventh Framework Programme as part of CODEMISUSED [611736]
- Guy's and St Thomas' Charity
- National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley National Health Service Foundation Trust
- King's College London
- National Institute for Health Research Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care South London
- Medical Research Council [G0701818, G0701681] Funding Source: researchfish
- National Institute for Health Research [RP-PG-0609-10162, 13/86/03, NF-SI-0616-10077] Funding Source: researchfish
- MRC [G0701681, G0701818] Funding Source: UKRI
Background: Codeine misuse and dependence poses a clinical and public health challenge. However, little is known about dependence and treatment needs in the UK and Ireland. Aim: To characterize codeine use, dependence and help-seeking behaviour. Design: An online cross-sectional survey advertised on Facebook, Twitter, health and drug websites and e-mail circulars. Methods: The survey collected data on demographics and codeine use amongst adults from the UK and Ireland. The Severity of Dependence Scale measured the level of codeine dependence. Results: The sample of 316 respondents had a mean age of 35.3 years (SD = 12.3) and 67% were women. Of the 316 respondents, 54 scored >= 5 on the Severity of Dependence Scale indicating codeine dependence (17.1%). Our study found that codeine dependence is a problem with both prescribed and 'over-the-counter' codeine. Codeine dependence was associated with daily use of codeine, faking or exaggerating symptoms to get a prescription for codeine and 'pharmacy shopping' (P < 0.01). A higher number of respondents had sought advice on the Internet (12%) rather than from their general medical practitioner (GP) (5.4%). Less than 1% of respondents had sought advice from a pharmacist. Conclusions: Codeine dependent users were more likely to seek help on the Internet to control their use of codeine than from a GP, which may indicate a potential for greater specialized addiction treatment demand through increased identification and referrals in primary care.
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