4.7 Article

Evolution of cell cracks in PV-modules under field and laboratory conditions

期刊

PROGRESS IN PHOTOVOLTAICS
卷 26, 期 4, 页码 261-272

出版社

WILEY
DOI: 10.1002/pip.2975

关键词

cracks; electroluminescence; field test; mechanically loading; performance; pre-cracked modules

资金

  1. Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy (BMWi)

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Damaged modules, especially with cell cracks, can be observed quite often in photovoltaic-installations. Little knowledge exists about long-term stability of precracked modules at real operating conditions. Previous investigations and existing standards focus on the degradation of new, defect-free modules. This work highlights a twofold approach for life-time study of precracked modules: (1) outdoor exposure of 54 precracked modules for 1 year and (2) artificial stressing of 20 representative precracked modules with a novel load test setup simulating snow and wind loads. The outdoor exposure reveals that at moderate weather conditions, no changes were detectable, neither in electric performance nor in EL-images. However, the accelerated static load tests with stepwise increasing pressures point out that above a certain threshold, cracks grow. Below this threshold, formerly unseen cracks become visible at the loaded stage. In addition, modules with a smaller number of damaged cells have a stronger tendency to degrade further than modules with an already large number of cracked cells. Remarkably, the power output measured with a solar simulator after a stress test up to 2500 Pa (describing conservative proof conditions for severe snow loads according IEC 61215) remains unchanged for almost all modules.

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