Hardiness as moderator of the relationship between structural and psychological empowerment on burnout in middle managers

Using a sample of 210 middle managers, a time-lagged design with four data-collection points was used to test whether hardiness moderates the relationship between structural empowerment (SE), psychological empowerment (PE), and burnout. The structural equationmodel analysed revealed an indirect effect of SE on burnout through PE. This indirect effect is moderated by hardiness. The results also show that this indirect effect is only significant when the subject shows medium or high levels of hardiness. Our findings suggest that work environment conditions are not enough to explain the levels of burnout.