期刊
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
卷 114, 期 3, 页码 E426-E435出版社
NATL ACAD SCIENCES
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1616299114
关键词
autophagy; ATG9; autophagosome; endoplasmic reticulum; ATG18
资金
- Research Grants Council of Hong Kong [CUHK465112, 466613, 14130716, CUHK2/CRF/11G, C4011-14R, AoE/M-05/12]
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [31270226, 31470294]
- NSFC/RGC [N_CUHK406/12]
- Chinese Academy of Sciences-Croucher Funding Scheme for Joint Laboratories
- Shenzhen Peacock Project [KQTD201101]
Autophagy is a conserved pathway for bulk degradation of cytoplasmic material by a double-membrane structure named the autophagosome. The initiation of autophagosome formation requires the recruitment of autophagy-related protein 9 (ATG9) vesicles to the preautophagosomal structure. However, the functional relationship between ATG9 vesicles and the phagophore is controversial in different systems, and the molecular function of ATG9 remains unknown in plants. Here, we demonstrate that ATG9 is essential for endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-derived autophagosome formation in plants. Through a combination of genetic, in vivo imaging and electron tomography approaches, we show that Arabidopsis ATG9 deficiency leads to a drastic accumulation of autophagosome-related tubular structures in direct membrane continuity with the ER upon autophagic induction. Dynamic analyses demonstrate a transient membrane association between ATG9 vesicles and the autophagosomal membrane during autophagy. Furthermore, trafficking of ATG18a is compromised in atg9 mutants during autophagy by forming extended tubules in a phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate-dependent manner. Taken together, this study provides evidence for a pivotal role of ATG9 in regulating autophagosome progression from the ER membrane in Arabidopsis.
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