4.8 Article

Rewriting nature's assembly manual for a ssRNA virus

出版社

NATL ACAD SCIENCES
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1706951114

关键词

satellite tobacco necrosis virus; packaging signals; viral assembly; synthetic virology

资金

  1. UK Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council [BB/J00667X/1, BB/L022095/1]
  2. Royal Society Leverhulme Trust Senior Research Fellowship [LT130088]
  3. Wellcome Trust [110145, 10146]
  4. BBSRC [BB/J00667X/1, BB/L021803/1, BB/L022095/1] Funding Source: UKRI
  5. EPSRC [EP/K028286/1, EP/K027689/1] Funding Source: UKRI
  6. Royal Society [LT130088] Funding Source: Royal Society
  7. Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council [BB/L022095/1, BB/L021803/1, BB/J00667X/1] Funding Source: researchfish
  8. Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council [EP/K028286/1, EP/K027689/1] Funding Source: researchfish

向作者/读者索取更多资源

Satellite tobacco necrosis virus (STNV) is one of the smallest viruses known. Its genome encodes only its coat protein (CP) subunit, relying on the polymerase of its helper virus TNV for replication. The genome has been shown to contain a cryptic set of dispersed assembly signals in the form of stem-loops that each present a minimal CP-binding motif AXXA in the loops. The genomic fragment encompassing nucleotides 1-127 is predicted to contain five such packaging signals (PSs). We have used mutagenesis to determine the critical assembly features in this region. These include the CPbinding motif, the relative placement of PS stem-loops, their number, and their folding propensity. CP binding has an electrostatic contribution, but assembly nucleation is dominated by the recognition of the folded PSs in the RNA fragment. Mutation to remove all AXXA motifs in PSs throughout the genome yields an RNA that is unable to assemble efficiently. In contrast, when a synthetic 127-nt fragment encompassing improved PSs is swapped onto the RNA otherwise lacking CP recognition motifs, assembly is partially restored, although the virus-like particles created are incomplete, implying that PSs outside this region are required for correct assembly. Swapping this improved region into the wild-type STNV1 sequence results in a better assembly substrate than the viral RNA, producing complete capsids and outcompeting the wild-type genome in headto- head competition. These data confirm details of the PS-mediated assembly mechanism for STNV and identify an efficient approach for production of stable virus-like particles encapsidating nonnative RNAs or other cargoes.

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