期刊
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
卷 115, 期 2, 页码 E334-E341出版社
NATL ACAD SCIENCES
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1718058115
关键词
maize adaptation; flowering time; transposable element; domestication; ZmCCT9
资金
- National Key Research and Development Program of China [2016YFD0100404, 2016YFD0100303]
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [31771806, 91535108]
- Recruitment Program of Global Experts
- Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities
- Direct For Biological Sciences
- Division Of Integrative Organismal Systems [1238014] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
From its tropical origin in southwestern Mexico, maize spread over a wide latitudinal cline in the Americas. This feat defies the rule that crops are inhibited from spreading easily across latitudes. How the widespread latitudinal adaptation of maize was accomplished is largely unknown. Through positional cloning and association mapping, we resolved a flowering-time quantitative trait locus to a Harbinger-like transposable element positioned 57 kb upstream of a CCT transcription factor (ZmCCT9). The Harbinger-like element acts in c/s to repress ZmCCT9 expression to promote flowering under long days. Knockout of ZmCCT9 by CRISPR/Cas9 causes early flowering under long days. ZmCCT9 is diurnally regulated and negatively regulates the expression of the florigen ZCN8, thereby resulting in late flowering under long days. Population genetics analyses revealed that the Harbinger-like transposon insertion at ZmCCT9 and the CACTA-like transposon insertion at another CCT paralog, ZmCCTIO, arose sequentially following domestication and were targeted by selection for maize adaptation to higher latitudes. Our findings help explain how the dynamic maize genome with abundant transposon activity enabled maize to adapt over 90 degrees of latitude during the pre-Columbian era.
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