Single-residue molecular switch for high-temperature dependence of vanilloid receptor TRPV3

Thermal transient receptor potential (TRP) channels, a group of ion channels from the transient receptor potential family, play important functions in pain and thermal sensation. These channels are directly activated by temperature and possess strong temperature dependence. Furthermore, their temperature sensitivity can be highly dynamic and use-dependent. For example, the vanilloid receptor transient receptor potential 3 (TRPV3), which has been implicated as a warmth detector, becomes responsive to warm temperatures only after intensive stimulation. Upon initial activation, the channel exhibits a high-temperature threshold in the noxious temperature range above 50 degrees C. This use dependence of heat sensitivity thus provides a mechanism for sensitization of thermal channels. However, how the channels acquire the use dependence remains unknown. Here, by comparative studies of chimeric channels between use-dependent and use-independent homologs, we have determined the molecular basis that underlies the use dependence of temperature sensitivity of TRPV3. Remarkably, the restoration of a single residue that is apparently missing in the use-dependent homologs could largely eliminate the use dependence of heat sensitivity of TRPV3. The location of the region suggests a mechanism of temperature-dependent gating of thermal TRP channels involving an intracellular region assembled around the TRP domain.