Structural insights into the roles of the IcmS-IcmW complex in the type IVb secretion system of Legionella pneumophila

The type IVb secretion system (T4BSS) of Legionella pneumophila is a multiple-component apparatus that delivers similar to 300 virulent effector proteins into host cells. The injected effectors modulate host cellular processes to promote bacterial infection and proliferation. IcmS and IcmW are two conserved small, acidic adaptor proteins that form a binary complex to interact with many effectors and facilitate their translocation. IcmS and IcmW can also interact with DotL, an ATPase of the type IV coupling protein complex (T4CP). However, how IcmS-IcmW recognizes effectors, and what the roles of IcmS-IcmW are in T4BSSs are unclear. In this study, we found that IcmS and IcmW form a 1: 1 heterodimeric complex to bind effector substrates. Both IcmS and IcmW adopt new structural folds and have no structural similarities with known effector chaperones. IcmS has a compact global structure with an alpha/beta fold, while IcmW adopts a fully alpha-folded, relatively loose architecture. IcmS stabilizes IcmW by binding to its two C-terminal a-helices. Photocrosslinking assays revealed that the IcmS-IcmW complex binds its cognate effectors via an extended hydrophobic surface, which can also interact with the C terminus of DotL. A crystal structure of the DotL-IcmS-IcmW complex reveals extensive and highly stable interactions between DotL and IcmS-IcmW. Moreover, IcmS-IcmW recruits LvgA to DotL and assembles a unique T4CP. These data suggest that IcmS-IcmW also functions as an inseparable integral component of the DotL-T4CP complex in the bacterial inner membrane. This study provides molecular insights into the dual roles of the IcmS-IcmW complex in T4BSSs.