期刊
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
卷 114, 期 31, 页码 E6361-E6370出版社
NATL ACAD SCIENCES
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1703088114
关键词
cytoskeleton; calcium-signaling; carbohydrate-active enzymes; stress tolerance; vitamin B-12
资金
- NSF [RCN 0741907, 0929558]
- University of Maryland
- Office of Science of the US DOE [DE-AC02-05CH11231]
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) [NA060AR4170108]
- German Research Foundation [Mi373/12-2 of FOR1261]
- French National Research Agency [ANR-10-BTBR-04-02, 04-04]
- New Hampshire Agricultural Experiment Station, Scientific Contribution [2694]
- US Department of Agriculture/National Institute of Food and Agriculture Hatch Project [1004051]
- Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) of the United Kingdom [BB/1013164/1]
- European Union [317184]
- Office of Biological and Environmental Research of the US DOE
- Connecticut Sea Grant College Program [R/A-38]
- NOAA National Marine Aquaculture Initiative
- NIH [MCB 1244593, NSF-MCB 1412738, NIH P20GM103418, NIH P20GM103638]
- NSF Graduate Research Fellowship [1247393]
- UK Natural Environment Research Council IOF Pump-priming + scheme [NE/L013223/1]
- NOAA [NA14OAR4170072]
- Great Barrier Reef Foundation
- Australian Research Council [DP150101875]
- University of Queensland
- Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council [BB/M02508X/1] Funding Source: researchfish
- Natural Environment Research Council [NE/L013223/1, NE/L013029/1, NE/J00460X/1] Funding Source: researchfish
- BBSRC [BB/M02508X/1] Funding Source: UKRI
- NERC [NE/L013029/1, NE/J00460X/1, NE/L013223/1] Funding Source: UKRI
- NIFA [811379, 1004051] Funding Source: Federal RePORTER
- Direct For Biological Sciences
- Division Of Integrative Organismal Systems [0929558] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- Division Of Graduate Education
- Direct For Education and Human Resources [1247393] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- Division Of Integrative Organismal Systems
- Direct For Biological Sciences [0741907] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- Div Of Molecular and Cellular Bioscience
- Direct For Biological Sciences [1244593] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
Porphyra umbilicalis (laver) belongs to an ancient group of red algae (Bangiophyceae), is harvested for human food, and thrives in the harsh conditions of the upper intertidal zone. Here we present the 87.7-Mbp haploid Porphyra genome (65.8% G + C content, 13,125 gene loci) and elucidate traits that inform our understanding of the biology of red algae as one of the few multicellular eukaryotic lineages. Novel features of the Porphyra genome shared by other red algae relate to the cytoskeleton, calcium signaling, the cell cycle, and stress-tolerance mechanisms including photoprotection. Cytoskeletal motor proteins in Porphyra are restricted to a small set of kinesins that appear to be the only universal cytoskeletal motors within the red algae. Dynein motors are absent, and most red algae, including Porphyra, lack myosin. This surprisingly minimal cytoskeleton offers a potential explanation for why red algal cells and multicellular structures are more limited in size than in most multicellular lineages. Additional discoveries further relating to the stress tolerance of bangiophytes include ancestral enzymes for sulfation of the hydrophilic galactan-rich cell wall, evidence for mannan synthesis that originated before the divergence of green and red algae, and a high capacity for nutrient uptake. Our analyses provide a comprehensive understanding of the red algae, which are both commercially important and have played a major role in the evolution of other algal groups through secondary endosymbioses.
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