期刊
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
卷 114, 期 35, 页码 9320-9325出版社
NATL ACAD SCIENCES
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1700945114
关键词
intergenerational mobility; child development; poverty; inequality
资金
- Robert Wood Johnson Foundation
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development [R01HD36916, R01HD39135, R01HD40421]
Recent research by Chetty and colleagues finds that children's chances of upward mobility are affected by the communities in which they grow up [Chetty R, Hendren N (2016) Working paper 23002]. However, the developmental pathways through which communities of origin translate into future economic gain are not well understood. In this paper we examine the association between Chetty and Hendren's county-level measure of intergenerational mobility and children's cognitive and behavioral development. Focusing on children from lowincome families, we find that growing up in a county with high upward mobility is associated with fewer externalizing behavioral problems by age 3 years and with substantial gains in cognitive test scores between ages 3 and 9 years. Growing up in a county with 1 SD better intergenerational mobility accounts for similar to 20% of the gap in developmental outcomes between children from low-and high-income families. Collectively, our findings suggest that the developmental processes through which residential contexts promote upward mobility begin early in childhood and involve the enrichment of both cognitive and social-emotional development.
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