期刊
AMERICAN SOCIOLOGICAL REVIEW
卷 83, 期 3, 页码 596-626出版社
SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC
DOI: 10.1177/0003122418772567
关键词
comparative/historical sociology; ethics; religion; social change; modernity
类别
资金
- John Templeton Foundation
- Tricoastal Foundation
- ESRC Large Grant, titled Ritual, Community, and Conflict [REF RES-060-25-0085]
- Advanced Grant from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon Research and Innovation Programme [694986]
- Templeton World Charity Foundation titled Cognitive and Cultural Foundations of Religion and Morality
- European Union Horizon research and innovation programme [644055]
- ESRC [ES/I005455/1] Funding Source: UKRI
Proponents of the Axial Age contend that parallel cultural developments between 800 and 200 BCE in what is today China, Greece, India, Iran, and Israel-Palestine constitute the global historical turning point toward modernity. The Axial Age concept is well-known and influential, but deficiencies in the historical evidence and sociological analysis available have thwarted efforts to evaluate the concept's major global contentions. As a result, the Axial Age concept remains controversial. Seshat: Global History Databank provides new tools for examining this topic in social formations across Afro-Eurasia during the first two millennia BCE and first millennium CE, allowing scholars to empirically evaluate the varied and contrasting claims researchers have put forward. Results undercut the notion of a specific age of axiality limited to a specific geo-temporal localization. Critical traits offered as evidence of an axial transformation by proponents of the Axial Age concept appeared across Afro-Eurasia hundreds, and in some cases thousands, of years prior to the proposed Axial Age. Our analysis raises important questions for future evaluations of this period and points the way toward empirically-led, historical-sociological investigations of the ideological and institutional foundations of complex societies.
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