Sea breeze effect mapping for mitigating summer urban warming: For making urban environmental climatemap of Yokohama and its surrounding area

Temperatures in urban area rise; therefore, it is necessary to consider the mitigation of urban warming. Considering that, in coastal areas such as Yokohama, an effective mitigation could be based on sea breeze patterns during summer daytime, this study aims at analyzing the relationship between temperature distributions and sea breeze fronts. Eventually, the target of this paper could be the creation of an Urban Environmental Climate Map (UECM) showing mitigation measures for each zone. Firstly, fine weather days are extracted and the sea breeze blowing patterns are classified in the target area. Secondly, the wind and temperature distribution patterns are mapped using WRF. The results obtained enable the mapping of the sea breeze fronts and the analysis of the relationship between temperature distributions and sea breeze fronts. Finally, a spatial zoning is performed. The results are presented as follows: 1) Sea breeze blowing patterns are classified into three patterns; 2) Based on the numerical simulation results and the temperature data observed in coastal areas, southwest wind has a cooling effect; 3) The target area is classified into Sea breeze arrival zone and others based on the presence of a see breeze; 4) An UECM showing proper mitigation measures is proposed. (C) 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.