Redox cycling in nanogap electrochemical cells

The repeated oxidation and reduction of a redox species (redox cycling) in a gap between two working electrodes has primarily been used to study the kinetics of electrochemical reactions. New fabrication methods have allowed the gap between the two working electrodes to be reduced to 10's of nanometers in size. This reduced nanogap width has allowed recent innovations such as single molecule electrochemistry and probing the effect of electrical double layer on molecular transport at electrode/electrolyte interfaces.