Effects of nefopam on catheter-related bladder discomfort in patients undergoing ureteroscopic litholapaxy

Background: Patients who undergo urinary catheterization may experience postoperative catheter-related bladder discomfort (CRBD). Previous studies have indicated that drugs with antimuscarinic effects could reduce the incidence and severity of CRBD. Accordingly, this study was carried out to investigate whether nefopam, a centrally acting analgesic with concomitant antimuscarinic effect, reduces the incidence and severity of CRBD. Methods: Sixty patients with American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I and II and aged 18-70 years who were scheduled to undergo elective ureteroscopic litholapaxy participated in this double-blinded study. Patients were divided into control and nefopam groups, comprising 30 patients each. In the nefopam group, 40 mg nefopam in 100 ml of 0.9% saline was administered intravenously. In the control group, only 100 ml of 0.9% saline was administered. All patients had a urethral catheter and ureter stent inserted during surgery. The incidence and severity of CRBD, numerical rating scale (NRS) score of postoperative pain, rescue pethidine dose, and side effects were recorded in the post-anesthesia care unit after surgery. Results: The incidence (P = 0.020) and severity (P < 0.001) of CRBD were significantly different between the control group and the nefopam group. The NRS score of postoperative pain (P = 0.006) and rescue dose of pethidine (P < 0.001) were significantly higher in the control group than in the nefopam group. Conclusions: Intravenous administration of nefopam in patients scheduled to undergo ureteroscopic litholapaxy reduced the incidence and severity of CRBD, NRS score of postoperative pain and analgesic requirements.