期刊
AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGIST
卷 73, 期 4, 页码 576-592出版社
AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC
DOI: 10.1037/amp0000245
关键词
team process dynamics; multilevel theory and emergence; computational modeling and agent-based simulation; team interaction sensors; sociometric badges
资金
- U.S. Army Research Institute for the Behavioral and Social Sciences (ARI) [W911NF-14-1-0026]
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) [NNX13AM77G, NNX16AR52G]
- National Science Foundation (NSF) [1533499]
- Divn Of Social and Economic Sciences
- Direct For Social, Behav & Economic Scie [1533499] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
Psychologists have studied small-group and team effectiveness for decades, and although there has been considerable progress, there remain significant challenges. Meta-analyses and systematic research have provided solid evidence for core team cognitive, motivational, affective, and behavioral processes that contribute to team effectiveness and empirical support for interventions that enhance team processes (e. g., team design, composition, training, and leadership); there has been substantial evidence for a science of team effectiveness. Nonetheless, there have also been concerns that team processes, which are inherently dynamic, have primarily been assessed as static constructs. Team-level processes and outcomes are multilevel phenomena that emerge, bottom-up from the interactions among team members over time, under the shifting demands of a work context. Thus, theoretical development that appropriately conceptualizes the multiple levels, process dynamics, and emergence of team phenomena over time are essential to advance understanding. Moreover, these conceptual advances necessitate innovative research methodologies to better capture team process dynamics. We explicate this foundation and then describe 2 promising streams of scientific inquiry-team interaction sensors and computational modeling-that are advancing new, unobtrusive measurement techniques and process-oriented research methods focused on understanding the dynamics of cohesion and cognition in teamwork. These are distinct lines of research, each endeavoring to advance the science, but doing so through the development of very different methodologies. We close by discussing the near-term research challenges and the potential long-term evolution of these innovative methods, with an eye toward the future for process-oriented theory and research on team effectiveness.
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