The Impact of Road Transport on CO2 Atmospheric Concentrations in Gaza City (Palestine), and Urban Vegetation as a Mitigation Measure

Although traffic-borne pollution has been increasing recently in Gaza City (GC), no studies have tackled the issue in a quantitative manner. This study investigated quantitatively the atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations in three heavily-trafficked streets (sites X, Y, and Z) in GC, using a locally manufactured device. Measurements were performed during a weekday and a weekend in three specific times, including two rush hours. Green-cover was investigated using the top-down approach for photo interpretation in the selected sites. Furthermore, the awareness of the local population toward greening their streets was tested using two questionnaires. Measured atmospheric CO2 concentrations ranged between 300 ppm and 900 ppm in all selected sites. Atmospheric CO2 concentrations were highest in site X and lowest in Y. Green-cover percentage was found to be 2%, 3%, and 8% for sites X, Y, and Z, respectively. Generally, higher levels were detected during the working day compared to those detected during the weekend. Additionally, high atmospheric CO2 concentrations were detected in streets with reduced green-cover as well as streets with workshops flanked on both sides. The questionnaires' analysis illustrated sound awareness among respondents regarding the researched aspect.