期刊
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
卷 118, 期 18, 页码 -出版社
AMER PHYSICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.118.180601
关键词
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资金
- Academy of Finland [284594, 272218]
- EPSRC [EP/K0 1773X/1]
- Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council [EP/K01773X/1] Funding Source: researchfish
- EPSRC [EP/K01773X/1] Funding Source: UKRI
Statistical physics provides the concepts and methods to explain the phase behavior of interacting many-body systems. Investigations of Lee-Yang zeros-complex singularities of the free energy in systems of finite size-have led to a unified understanding of equilibrium phase transitions. The ideas of Lee and Yang, however, are not restricted to equilibrium phenomena. Recently, Lee-Yang zeros have been used to characterize nonequilibrium processes such as dynamical phase transitions in quantum systems after a quench or dynamic order-disorder transitions in glasses. Here, we experimentally realize a scheme for determining Lee-Yang zeros in such nonequilibrium settings. We extract the dynamical Lee-Yang zeros of a stochastic process involving Andreev tunneling between a normal-state island and two superconducting leads from measurements of the dynamical activity along a trajectory. From the short-time behavior of the Lee-Yang zeros, we predict the large-deviation statistics of the activity which is typically difficult to measure. Our method paves the way for further experiments on the statistical mechanics of many-body systems out of equilibrium.
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