4.8 Article

Observation of Topological Bloch-State Defects and Their Merging Transition

期刊

PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
卷 118, 期 24, 页码 -

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AMER PHYSICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.118.240403

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  1. Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft through excellence cluster The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging-Structure, Dynamics and Control of Matter at the Atomic Scale
  2. European Commission
  3. [GrK 1355]
  4. [SFB 925]

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Topological defects in Bloch bands, such as Dirac points in graphene, and their resulting Berry phases play an important role for the electronic dynamics in solid state crystals. Such defects can arise in systems with a two-atomic basis due to the momentum-dependent coupling of the two sublattice states, which gives rise to a pseudospin texture. The topological defects appear as vortices in the azimuthal phase of this pseudospin texture. Here, we demonstrate a complete measurement of the azimuthal phase in a hexagonal optical lattice employing a versatile method based on time-of-flight imaging after off-resonant lattice modulation. Furthermore, we map out the merging transition of the two Dirac points induced by beam imbalance. Our work paves the way to accessing geometric properties in optical lattices also with spin-orbit coupling and interactions.

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