期刊
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
卷 119, 期 9, 页码 -出版社
AMER PHYSICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.119.094502
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-
资金
- National Science Foundation [CBET-1056138]
We report that metallic electrodes are physically pitted during charge transfer events with water droplets or other conductive objects moving in strong electric fields (> 1 kV/cm). Post situ microscopic inspection of the electrode shows that an individual charge transfer event yields a crater approximately 1-3 mu m wide, often with features similar to a splash corona. We interpret the crater formation in terms of localized melting of the electrode via resistive heating concurrent with dielectric breakdown through the surrounding insulating fluid. A scaling analysis indicates that the crater diameter scales as the inverse cube root of the melting point temperature T-m of the metal, in accord with measurements on several metals ( 660 degrees C <= T-m <= 3414 degrees C). The process of crater formation provides a possible explanation for the longstanding difficulty in quantitatively corroborating Maxwell's prediction for the amount of charge acquired by spheres contacting a planar electrode.
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