期刊
PURE AND APPLIED GEOPHYSICS
卷 175, 期 8, 页码 2821-2835出版社
SPRINGER BASEL AG
DOI: 10.1007/s00024-017-1622-y
关键词
Hydraulic stimulation; microseismicity; cross-correlation; induced seismicity
资金
- CNR-CAS 2016-2018 Common Project
- INSIEME project of the SIR-MIUR program [RBSI14MN31]
- [RVO 67985891]
Normalized cross-correlation of effective functions was originally developed to differentiate induced and natural seismicity. We apply this methodology to data sets acquired during hydraulic stimulation of shale gas to study temporal relationship between seismicity and the injection. Delays of seismicity induced by hydraulic fracturing are compared with delays of seismicity related to changes of the water level in a dam. A new observation is made; we show that seismicity induced by hydraulic fracturing and measured by the normalized cross-correlation can have very positive to even short negative delay after the injection. We explain this observation by rapid decline of induced seismicity after decrease of injection. On the contrary, we show that the seismicity triggered by water impounding in a dam is characterized by longer delays due to much greater distance between lake and the induced seismicity. We show how it is possible to measure the delay by the cross-correlation methodology despite periodicity of the signals.
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