Schizophrenia and risk of dementia: a meta-analysis study

Background: Evidence suggests that schizophrenia may be associated with an increased risk of dementia, but results from prior studies have been inconsistent. This study aimed to estimate the relationship between schizophrenia and incident dementia using a quantitative meta-analysis. Methods: Several databases were used to gather relevant information, including PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science, with the publication date of articles limited up to December 23, 2017. All studies reported a multivariate-adjusted estimate, represented as relative risk (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), for the association between schizophrenia and risk of dementia incidence. Pooled RRs were calculated using a random-effects model. Results: Six studies met our inclusion criteria for this meta-analysis, which included 206,694 cases of dementia and 5,063,316 participants. All individuals were without dementia at baseline. Overall, the quantitative meta-analysis suggested that subjects with schizophrenia were associated with a significantly greater risk of dementia incidence (RR 2.29; 95% CI 1.35-3.88) than those without. Conclusion: The results of this meta-analysis indicate that individuals with schizophrenia may have an increased risk for the development of dementia. Future studies should explore whether schizophrenia is a modifiable risk factor for dementia.