期刊
ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT
卷 101, 期 -, 页码 749-756出版社
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.enconman.2015.05.075
关键词
Calcium oxide; Waste shell; Microalgae; Biodiesel; Transesterification
资金
- Graduate Research Fellowship (GRF) from Universiti Putra Malaysia
- Ministry of Education Malaysia
In the present work, Cyrtopleura costata (Angel Wing Shell) is used for the first time to synthesis of CaO. The produced CaO was utilized as a catalyst for biodiesel production from microalgae Nannochloropsis oculata oil. The Angel Wing Shell (AWS) was calcined at 800 degrees C and 900 degrees C for 2 h to convert CaCO3 to activate metal oxide phase. The synthesized catalysts were characterized by using Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Temperature programmed desorption of CO2 (CO2-TPD), BET surface area and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. The calcined Angel Wing Shell at 900 degrees C (CAWS 900) was chosen as the best catalyst due to its high basicity and surface area. This also corresponded to optimization condition where, CAWS 900 showed highest FAME yield (84.11%) at oil to methanol molar ratio 1:150 and catalyst loading of 9 wt.% in 1 h reaction time. The CAWS 900 catalyst also can be reused more than three times with FAME yield greater than 65%. Overall, AWS appears to be an acceptable solid catalyst to convert microalgae oil to biodiesel. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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