期刊
PEDIATRIC RESEARCH
卷 83, 期 3, 页码 573-579出版社
SPRINGERNATURE
DOI: 10.1038/pr.2017.287
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资金
- ReproUnion
- EDMaRC
- Novo Nordisk Foundation [NNF15OC0017734]
- Danish Environmental Protection Agency by way of the Center on Endocrine Disruptors Danish Center for Hormone Disrupting Chemicals
- Danish Foundation for Scientific Innovation and Technology [09-067180]
- Danish Research Council [4004-00352B_FSS]
- Ronald McDonald Children Foundation
- K.A. Rohde's and wife's Foundation
- Odense University Hospital and Region of Southern Denmark, Municipality of Odense
- Danish Council for Strategic Research
- Program Commission on Health, Food and Welfare [2101-08-0058]
- Odense University Hospital Research Foundation
- Odense Patient data Exploratory Network (OPEN)
- Rigshospitalet
- Odense University Hospital
- Novo Nordisk Fonden [NNF17OC0029404, NNF15OC0017734, NNF15OC0017642] Funding Source: researchfish
BACKGROUND: Anogenital distance (AGD) has been suggested to represent a phenotypic signature reflecting in utero androgen action. However, it is not known whether an individual's AGD at birth correlates to the AGD later in life. We investigate correlations of AGD between 3 and 18 months of age and assess reproducibility of measurements. METHODS: We measured AGD from anus to scrotum (AGDas) and to penis (AGDap) in 407 boys, and to posterior fourchette (AGDaf) and clitoris (AGDac) in 282 girls. Each measure was repeated three times at 3 and 18 months of age, and some children were, furthermore, examined by two different examiners. We assessed age-related changes and reproducibility of measurements. RESULTS: AGD increased between the two examinations and correlated within the child. A large proportion of the observed variation in AGD was due to true differences between the children (AGDas: 62%, AGDap: 40%, AGDaf: 30%, AGDac: 21%), and measurement error due to between- and within-examiner variation was low. CONCLUSIONS: Our study showed that measures of AGD within a child correlated during infancy, especially in boys and particularly for AGD measured as the distance between anus and scrotum. A planned cohort follow-up through childhood and puberty will reveal whether AGD represents a phenotypic signature throughout life.
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