Short-term cactus pear [Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill] fruit supplementation ameliorates the inflammatory profile and is associated with improved antioxidant status among healthy humans

Background: Dietary ingredients and food components are major modifiable factors protecting immune system and preventing the progression of a low-grade chronic inflammation responsible for age-related diseases. Objective: Our study explored whether cactus pear (Opuntia ficus-indica, Surfarina cultivar) fruit supplementation modulates plasma inflammatory biomarkers in healthy adults. Correlations between inflammatory parameters and antioxidant status were also assessed in parallel. Design: In a randomised, 2-period (2 weeks/period), crossover, controlled-feeding study, conducted in 28 healthy volunteers [mean age 39.96 (+/- 9.15) years, BMI 23.1 (+/- 1.5) kg/m(2)], the effects of a diet supplemented with cactus pear fruit pulp (200 g, twice a day) were compared with those of an equivalent diet with isocaloric fresh fruit substitution. Results: With respect to control, cactus pear diet decreased (p < 0.05) the pro-inflammatory markers such as tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin (IL)-1 beta, interferon-gamma (INF)-gamma, IL-8, C-reactive protein (CRP) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), whereas it increased (p < 0.05) the anti-inflammatory marker IL-10. Moreover, the diet decreased ratios between pro-inflammatory biomarkers (CRP, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-alpha) and anti-inflammatory biomarker (IL-10) (p < 0.05). Cactus pear supplementation caused an increase (p < 0.05) in dermal carotenoids (skin carotenoid score, SCS), a biomarker of the body antioxidant status, with correlations between SCS and CRP (r = -0.905, p < 0.0001), IL-8 (r = -0.835, p < 0.0001) and IL-10 (r = 0.889, p < 0.0001). Conclusions: The presently observed modulation of both inflammatory markers and antioxidant balance suggests cactus pear fruit as a novel and beneficial component to be incorporated into current healthy dietary habits.