Large-Scale Production of APbX3 Perovskites in Powder Form with High Stability

Various perovskites APbX(3) (A = CH3NH3 (MA) or CH(NH2)(2) (FA) or Cs; X = I or Br) in powder form were synthesized by a novel and unique solution-processed anti-solvent technique. This novel synthetic method was effective in producing all perovskite powders in large-scale with high yield and purity. These synthesized perovskite powders exhibited excellent intrinsic stability under ambient condition (30 degrees C with 60% relative humidity) for 8 months without any deterioration in crystallographic properties. In addition, all powders showed high chemical and thermogravimetric stability. Their excellent stability could be attributed to high purity and superior crystallinity in the powder form, resulting in strong ionic interactions of crystal lattices. Device with perovskite powders showed photocurrent-voltage characteristics compatible to those of conventional perovskite film. The novel technique for the preparation of perovskite powders in large-scale with different grain sizes and boundaries could be beneficial for other diverse applications, including light-emitting diodes, photodetectors, memory devices, and transistors.