Efficacy of canagliflozin against nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a prospective cohort study

BackgroundNonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common cause of chronic liver disease worldwide and is characterized by insulin resistance, hepatic steatosis and often prediabetes or diabetes. Canagliflozin, a selective sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor, is a new oral anti-diabetic drug that reduces hyperglycaemia by promoting urinary glucose excretion. Glycosuria produced by canagliflozin is associated with weight loss, mainly due to reduced fat volume and improve insulin resistance. Reduced body weight and improvement of insulin resistance by canagliflozin may be an effective treatment for NAFLD. MethodsThirty-five patients with NAFLD (17 men and 18 women) were enrolled and administered canagliflozin (100mg). Body weight and serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), gamma-glutamyl transferase (-GTP), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides (TG), blood sugar (BS), glycated haemoglobin (HbA1C), uric acid (UA) and ferritin, and fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) index values were measured at baseline and at 3-month and 6-month follow-up visits. ResultsBody weight and serum levels of AST, ALT, -GTP, TG, UA, HbA1C, BS and ferritin decreased significantly after 3 and 6months of canagliflozin treatment. Serum BS levels and FIB-4 index values decreased slightly following 3months of treatment; these results reached significance after 6months. Reduced serum ALT levels at 6months were significantly correlated with baseline HbA1C and ferritin levels. Moreover, a significant correlation between reduced body weight and serum ALT levels was observed at 6months. Decreased serum ALT levels were significantly correlated with decreased serum ferritin at 6months. ConclusionsCanagliflozin significantly reduced the serum levels of BS, HbA1C, TG, UA and ferritin, as well as FIB-4 index values and body weight, with improved liver function. Sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors may be an important therapeutic modality for improving liver injury in NAFLD patients.