Superior Ophthalmic Vein Thrombosis with Complete Loss of Vision as a Complication of Autoimmune and Infective Conditions

Purpose: To present our experience in the management of superior ophthalmic vein thrombosis (SOVT), which is a rare, but extremely serious condition if not recognized and managed promptly and appropriately. Methods: Two patients with septic and aseptic SOVT are presented. Clinical characteristics, radiographic features, management techniques, and outcomes are described. Results: In the first case thrombosis occurred as a complication of functional endoscopic sinus surgery. In the second case thrombosis occurred as a complication of untreated inflammatory bowel disease: ulcerative colitis. Both cases resulted with permanent unilateral blindness. Conclusion: SOVT is a rare entity. There are no guidelines, just recommendations for disease management. Based on our experience, broad-spectrum intravenous antibiotic, anticoagulation, and steroid therapy should be promptly introduced and if needed surgical intervention. SOVT can lead to devastating complications which include permanent loss of vision and in some cases a fatal outcome.