期刊
EVOLUTIONARY PSYCHOLOGY
卷 16, 期 4, 页码 -出版社
SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC
DOI: 10.1177/1474704918817644
关键词
cooperation; ancestry; Mauritius; religion; trust
资金
- LEVYNA: Laboratory for the Experimental Research of Religion [CZ.1.07/2.3.00/20.048]
- European Social Fund
- state budget of the Czech Republic
- Faculty of Arts, Masaryk University
- Cultural Evolution of Religion Research Consortium (CERC) - Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada [895-2011-1009]
- Czech Science Foundation (GA CR) [18-18316S]
Several prominent evolutionary theories contend that religion was critical to the emergence of large-scale societies and encourages cooperation in contemporary complex groups. These theories argue that religious systems provide a reliable mechanism for finding trustworthy anonymous individuals under conditions of risk. In support, studies find that people displaying cues of religious identity are more likely to be trusted by anonymous coreligionists. However, recent research has found that displays of religious commitment can increase trust across religious divides. These findings are puzzling from the perspective that religion emerges to regulate coalitions. To date, these issues have not been investigated outside of American undergraduate samples nor have studies considered how religious identities interact with other essential group-membership signals, such as ancestry, to affect intergroup trust. Here, we address these issues and compare religious identity, ancestry, and trust among and between Christians and Hindus living in Mauritius. Ninety-seven participants rated the trustworthiness of faces, and in a modified trust game distributed money among these faces, which varied according to religious and ethnic identity. In contrast to previous research, we find that markers of religious identity increase monetary investments only among in-group members and not across religious divides. Moreover, out-group religious markers on faces of in-group ancestry decrease reported trustworthiness. These findings run counter to recent studies collected in the United States and suggest that local socioecologies influence the relationships between religion and trust. We conclude with suggestions for future research and a discussion of the challenges of conducting field experiments with remote populations.
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