Perspective on Performance, Cost, and Technical Challenges for Practical Dual-Ion Batteries

While lithium-ion batteries dominate the field of high-energy-density applications, a variety of promising alternative battery technologies exist that might be suitable for various application purposes. Their requirements may vary considerably, e.g., for stationary batteries they are significantly different from those of traction batteries in electric vehicles, i.e., low installation and lifetime cost and a long cycle life are the key parameters for the former ones. Here, we review the recent developments of dual-ion battery (DIB) and particularly of dual-graphite battery technologies, which may be considered as sustainable option for grid storage. We present the progress and challenges of DIB materials and electrolytes, especially with respect to performance parameters, e.g., energy density and cycling stability as well as cost. We discuss the major challenges for practical application and critically evaluate the DIB technology along with an assessment of the potential to fulfill the targets for grid storage.