High-Voltage LiNi0.45Cr0.1Mn1.45O4 Cathode with Superlong Cycle Performance for Wide Temperature Lithium-Ion Batteries

Spinel LiNi0.45Cr0.1Mn1.45O4 synthesized by a scalable solution route combined by high temperature calcination is investigated as cathode for ultralong-life lithium-ion batteries in a wide operating temperature range. Scanning electron microscopy reveals homogeneous microsized polyhedral morphology with highly exposed {100} and {111} surfaces. The most highlighted result is that LiNi0.45Cr0.1Mn1.45O4 has extremely long cycle performance and high capacity retention at various temperatures (0, 25, 50 degrees C), indicating that Cr doping is a prospective approach to enable 5 V LiNi0.45Cr0.1Mn1.45O4 (LNMO)-based cathode materials with excellent cycling performances for commercial applications. After 1000 cycles, the capacity retention of LiNi0.45Cr0.1Mn1.45O4 is 100.30% and 82.75% at 0 degrees C and 25 degrees C at 1 C rate, respectively. Notably, over 350 cycles at 50 degrees C, the capacity retention of LiNi0.45Cr0.1Mn1.45O4 can maintain up to 91.49% at 1 C. All the values are comparable to pristine LNMO, which can be attributed to the elimination of LiyNi1-yO impurity phase, highly exposed {100} surfaces, less Mn3+ ions, and enhancement of ion and electron conductivity by Cr doping. Furthermore, an assembled LiNi0.45Cr0.1Mn1.45O4/Li4Ti5O12 full cell delivers an initial discharge capacity of 101 mA h g(-1), meanwhile the capacity retention is 82.07% after 100 cycles.