期刊
NATURE SUSTAINABILITY
卷 1, 期 6, 页码 304-313出版社
NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
DOI: 10.1038/s41893-018-0076-2
关键词
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资金
- National Key Research and Development Program of China [2017YFE0104600]
- National Major Science and Technology Program for Water Pollution Control and Treatment [2017ZX07101001]
- Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation
- Belmont Forum/FACCE-JPI [NE/M021327/1]
- USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture Hatch project [HAW01136-H]
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)
- NERC [NE/M021327/1] Funding Source: UKRI
China is experiencing rapid land-use change and shifts in farm management. However, the interactive effects of these drivers on cropping system sustainability are unclear. Here, we evaluate spatio-temporal trade-offs among crop production and five key environmental indicators, including land use, water consumption, excess nitrogen and phosphorous use, and greenhouse gas emissions in China. From 1987 to 2010, as crop kilocalorie production increased (+66%), so did the total environmental impact of all indicators (+1.3-161%) except greenhouse gas emissions (-18%). Concurrently, environmental intensity-impact per kilocalorie produced-decreased for all indicators (-51--13%) except excess phosphorus (+57%). Despite substantial loss and displacement of cropland to urban expansion, counterfactual scenario analysis indicates that farm management explained >90% of changes in crop production and environmental impact. However, cropland is expanding in regions of relatively high land and irrigation intensity. Although efficiency gains partly compensated for increased environmental pressures, continued geographic shifts in cropland could challenge progress towards agricultural sustainability in China.
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