期刊
ZEITSCHRIFT FUR PSYCHOLOGIE-JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY
卷 226, 期 2, 页码 110-121出版社
HOGREFE & HUBER PUBLISHERS
DOI: 10.1027/2151-2604/a000327
关键词
counterfactual reasoning; basic conditional reasoning; false belief; teleology-in-perspective
资金
- Austrian Science Fund Rule-understanding, subjective perspectives, and social display rules [FWF I 637-G15]
- German Science Foundation through a Mercator-Fellowship [SP 279/18-2]
- Summer Bursary of the University of Stirling's Psychology Division
The development and relation of counterfactual reasoning and false belief understanding were examined in 3- to 7-year-old children (N = 75) and adult controls (N = 14). The key question was whether false belief understanding engages counterfactual reasoning to infer what somebody else falsely believes. Findings revealed a strong correlation between false belief and counterfactual questions even in conditions in which children could commit errors other than the reality bias (r(p) = 51). The data suggest that mastery of belief attribution and counterfactual reasoning is not limited to one point in development but rather develops over a longer period. Moreover, the rare occurrence of reality errors calls into question whether young children's errors in the classic false belief task are indeed the result of a failure to inhibit what they know to be actually the case. The data speak in favor of a teleological theory of belief attribution and challenges established theories of belief attribution.
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