期刊
LAND USE POLICY
卷 79, 期 -, 页码 223-239出版社
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.landusepol.2018.07.045
关键词
Dairy production; Ethical attributes; Fairness; Grassland biodiversity; Choice modelling; Latent class model
Conventional dairy farming has been under pressure for lacking animal welfare, biodiversity loss through abandonment and intensification of grassland, and low milk prices during the 2015/16 milk price crisis. The relatively stable organic milk prices during the milk price crisis indicate that consumers have preferences for product characteristics besides the price. We investigate through a choice experiment the willingness-to-pay (WTP) of German conventional milk buyers for ethical attributes of milk production that address the above mentioned concerns. Respondents have the highest WTP for animal welfare - free-stall plus summer pasture - followed by biodiversity conservation, support for small, below-average income farms, and regional milk production. Respondents also have a positive WTP to support all farms but only in combination with regional production. We further find a positive WTP to support small farms in combination with tethering. This implies animal-welfare concerns are somewhat counterbalanced by fairness aspects. Our insights may support developing labels and agri-environmental policies concerning ethical aspects of conventional milk production.
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