A preliminary investigation of the effects of labour inducing plant, Cissampelos mucronata, on the outcomes of pregnancy using rat models

Background The use of traditional remedies in pregnancy has been associated with bad obstetric outcomes including uterine rupture and foetal distress. These outcomes may ultimately lead to maternal and child mortality or morbidity. Few studies have been done to measure the effects of various herbs in pregnant women or a developing fetus. This study investigated the effects of the commonly used labour inducing plant, Cissampelos mucronata, on pregnancy outcomes using a rat model. Methods Pregnant female rats were divided into 3 groups of 10 each. The first group was the control. The second group was treated with the aqueous extract of Cissampelos mucronata at mid-pregnancy. The third group was treated with Cissampelos mucronata close to full term. All the groups were left to give birth and outcomes were recorded. Results Rats treated at mid-term had significantly low number of pups when compared to the control group as well as the close to term treated group (4.1 +/- 0.54 vs. 6.4 +/- 0.60; 6.2 +/- 0.56). The mid-term treated rats had pups with significantly lower body weight when compared to the control and the close to term treated groups (3.73 +/- 0.36g vs. 5.37 +/- 0.16g; 4.27 +/- 0.1g). The average gestation period was significantly short in the mid-term treated group when compared to the control and the close to term treated groups (18.16 +/- 0.50 days vs. 20.40 +/- 0.44 days; 20.12 +/- 0.37 days). There were no uterus ruptures observed in all study groups 3 days after delivery. Conclusion Administration of Cissampelos mucronata during pregnancy leads to early induction of labour.