Impact of La Nina and La Nina Modoki on Indonesia rainfall variability

La Nina events are indicated by cooling SST in central and eastern equatorial Pacific. While La Nina Modoki occurrences are indicated by cooling SST in central Pacific and warming SST in western and eastern equatorial Pacific. These two events are influencing rainfall variability in several regions including Indonesia. The objective of this study is to analyse the impact of La Nina and La Nina Modoki on Indonesian rainfall variability. We found the Nino 3.4 index is highly correlated (r = -0.95) with Indonesian rainfall. Positive rainfall anomalies up to 200 mm/month occurred mostly in Indonesian region during La Nina events, but in DJF several areas of Sumatera, Kalimantan and eastern Indonesia tend to have negative rainfall. During La Nina Modoki events, positive rainfall anomaly (up to 50 mm/month) occurred in Sumatera Island, Kalimantan, Java and eastern Indonesia in DJF and up to 175 mm/month occurred only in Java Island in MAM season. La Nina events have strong cooling SST in central and eastern equatorial Pacific (-1.5 degrees C) in DJF. While La Nina Modoki events warming SST occurred in western and eastern equatorial Pacific (0.75 degrees C) and cooling SST in central Pacific (-0.75 degrees C) in DJF and MAM. Walker circulation in La Nina Modoki events (on DJF and MAM) showed strong convergence in eastern Pacific, and weak convergence in western Pacific (Indonesia).