An Overview of Targeted Alpha Therapy with 225Actinium and 213Bismuth

Background: Recent reports of the remarkable therapeutic efficacy of Ac-225-labeled PSMA-617 for therapy of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer have underlined the clinical potential of targeted alpha therapy. Objective and Conclusion: This review describes methods for the production of Ac-225 and its daughter nuclide Bi-213 and summarizes the current clinical experience with both alpha emitters with particular focus on recent studies of targeted alpha therapy of bladder cancer, brain tumors, neuroendocrine tumors and prostate cancer.