Continuous-wave lasing in an organic-inorganic lead halide perovskite semiconductor

Hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites have emerged as promising gain media for tunable, solution-processed semiconductor lasers. However, continuous-wave operation has not been achieved so far(1-3). Here, we demonstrate that optically pumped continuous-wave lasing can be sustained above threshold excitation intensities of similar to 17 kW cm(-2) for over an hour in methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI(3)) distributed feedback lasers that are maintained below the MAPbI(3) tetragonalto-orthorhombic phase transition temperature of T approximate to 160 K. In contrast with the lasing death phenomenon that occurs for pure tetragonal-phase MAPbI(3) at T > 160 K ( ref. (4)), we find that continuous-wave gain becomes possible at T approximate to 100 K from tetragonal-phase inclusions that are photogenerated by the pump within the normally existing, larger-bandgap orthorhombic host matrix. In this mixed-phase system, the tetragonal inclusions function as carrier recombination sinks that reduce the transparency threshold, in loose analogy to inorganic semiconductor quantum wells, and may serve as a model for engineering improved perovskite gain media.