期刊
NATURE MATERIALS
卷 16, 期 10, 页码 1003-+出版社
NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
DOI: 10.1038/NMAT4951
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资金
- Army Research Office [W911NF-14-1-0104]
- Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-SC0012375]
- NSF-MRSEC grant [DMR-1420620]
- NSF-MWN grant [DMR-1210588]
- Office of Basic Energy Sciences, US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]
- National Science Foundation under the MRSEC programme [DMR-1420620]
- National Science Foundation [DGE-1106400]
- US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Sciences, Division of Material Sciences and Engineering [DE-SC0008807]
- Swiss National Science Foundation
- Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness [FIS2015-64886-C5-2-P]
- Luxembourg National Research Fund [FNR/C15/MS/10458889 NEWALLS]
- US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [FG02-07ER46417]
- Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation's EPiQS Initiative [GBMF5307]
- Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]
- DOE Office of Science [DE-AC02-06CH11357]
- Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]
- Direct For Mathematical & Physical Scien
- Division Of Materials Research [1210588, GRANTS:13720640] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
Systems that exhibit phase competition, order parameter coexistence, and emergent order parameter topologies constitute a major part of modern condensed-matter physics. Here, by applying a range of characterization techniques, and simulations, we observe that in PbTiO3/SrTiO3 superlattices all of these effects can be found. By exploring superlattice period-, temperature- and field-dependent evolution of these structures, we observe several new features. First, it is possible to engineer phase coexistence mediated by a first-order phase transition between an emergent, low-temperature vortex phase with electric toroidal order and a high-temperature ferroelectric a(1)/a(2) phase. At room temperature, the coexisting vortex and ferroelectric phases form a mesoscale, fibre-textured hierarchical superstructure. The vortex phase possesses an axial polarization, set by the net polarization of the surrounding ferroelectric domains, such that it possesses a multi-order-parameter state and belongs to a class of gyrotropic electrotoroidal compounds. Finally, application of electric fields to this mixed-phase system permits interconversion between the vortex and the ferroelectric phases concomitant with order-of-magnitude changes in piezoelectric and nonlinear optical responses. Our findings suggest new cross-coupled functionalities.
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