Environmentally Sustainable Fabrication of Ag@g-C3N4 Nanostructures and Their Multifunctional Efficacy as Antibacterial Agents and Photocatalysts

Noble-metal silver (Ag) nanoparticles (NPs) anchored/decorated onto polymeric graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) as nanostructures (NSs) were prepared using modest and environment-friendly synthesis method with a developed-single-strain biofilm as a reducing implement. The as-fabricated NSs were characterized using standard characterization techniques. The nanosized and uniform AgNPs were well deposited onto the sheet-like matrix of g-C3N4 and exhibited good antimicrobial activity and superior photodegradation of dyes methylene blue (MB) and rhodamine B (RhB) dyes under visible-light illumination. The Ag@g-C3N4 NSs exhibited active and effective bactericidal performance and a survival test in counter to Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The as-fabricated NSs also exhibited superior visible-light photodegradation of MB and RhB in much less time as compared to other reports. Ag@gC(3)N(4) NSs (3 mM) showed superior photocatalytic measurements under visible-light irradiation: similar to 100% MB degradation and similar to 89% of RhB degradation in 210 and 250 min, respectively. The obtained results indicate that the AgNPs were well deposited onto the gC(3)N(4) structure, which decreases the charge recombination rate of photogenerated electrons and holes and extends the performance of pure g-C3N4 under visible light. In conclusion, the as-fabricated Ag@g-C3N4 NSs are keen nanostructured materials that can be applied as antimicrobial materials and visible-light-induced photocatalysts.