期刊
NATURE GEOSCIENCE
卷 10, 期 3, 页码 184-U132出版社
NATURE PORTFOLIO
DOI: 10.1038/NGEO2901
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资金
- Natural Environment Research Council [NE/H008136/1, 1498020, ncas10008, ncas10009, NE/J010073/1, ncas10005, NE/K014838/1, ncas10006, NE/J023515/1] Funding Source: researchfish
- NERC [NE/J010073/1, ncas10008, NE/K014838/1, NE/H008136/1, ncas10006, NE/J023515/1, ncas10005] Funding Source: UKRI
Atmospheric black carbon makes an important but poorly quantified contribution to the warming of the global atmosphere. Laboratory and modelling studies have shown that the addition of non-black-carbon materials to black-carbon particles may enhance the particles' light absorption by 50 to 60% by refracting and reflecting light. Real-world experimental evidence for this 'lensing' effect is scant and conflicting, showing that absorption enhancements can be less than 5% or as large as 140%. Here we present simultaneous quantifications of the composition and optical properties of individual atmospheric black-carbon particles. We show that particles with a mass ratio of non-black carbon to black carbon of less than 1.5, which is typical of fresh traffic sources, are best represented as having no absorption enhancement. In contrast, black-carbon particles with a ratio greater than 3, which is typical of biomass-burning emissions, are best described assuming optical lensing leading to an absorption enhancement. We introduce a generalized hybrid model approach for estimating scattering and absorption enhancements based on laboratory and atmospheric observations. We conclude that the occurrence of the absorption enhancement of black-carbon particles is determined by the particles' mass ratio of non-black carbon to black carbon.
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