High-Value Coproducts from Algae-An Innovational Way to Deal with Advance Algal Industry

Expanded worldwide energy consumption and usage of fossil fuel cause its exhaustion and create energy crises, fuel security, global warming that have prompted a development of energy from alternative biomass that is renewable, economical, and eco-friendly. First-and second-generation biomass types, nonetheless, are frequently reprimanded because of displacement of food and the amount of crops it takes to deliver a gallon of oil. Algae to biodiesel (third-generation biofuel) have gained attention by many researchers, experts from petroleum industry as inexhaustible reliable and secure source of energy. Department of Energy, Govt. of USA, has investigated that algae grow much faster than terrestrial plants which give 30 times more energy yield per acre than land crops such as soybeans. Algae are a renewable bioresource that use sunlight, mitigate CO2 emissions, reduced nutrients (N, P, and K) from waste streams and water, and produce biomass in the form of sugars, proteins, and oils that can be processed into both biofuels and valuable coproducts. In light of utilization, worldwide algal products are separated into nutraceuticals, nourishment and bolster supplements, pharmaceuticals, paints, colorants, etc. Algal-derived coproducts such as carotenoids, beta-carotene, omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (docosahexaenoic acid and eicosahexaenoic), astaxanthin, squalene, phycobiliproteins have increased popularity from the neutraceuticals and pharmaceutical industry and are relied upon to give high income to the algae producing companies around the world. A few algal strains with a high wholesome esteem and vitality content are developed industrially as aquaculture feed and are also a potential source of lipids, ethanol, and hydrogen. In this chapter, we attempt to elucidate the primary existing and potential high-value coproducts and its commercial significance, algal species used and market sizes, trends, and future prospects.