A Study of Green Electro-Analysis Conducted by Experimental Design Method for Detection of Samarium as Complex with Diethylenetriaminepentaacetic Acid (DTPA)

Samarium (Sm) plays an indispensable role in the needs of modem production materials. The detection of these metal is still challenging due to the chemical and physical properties of rare earth metals are very similar to each other. Analytical methods, such as atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), are often used to analyze the presence of those metals. However, these methods often need serious sample-preparation steps or require expensive equipment. Electrochemical techniques would be more desirable due to promises high sensitivity, high selectivity, high accuracy and high detection limit with less-labor intensive. To provide a good result, the level of repetition is relatively high which consequent to chemical consumption. To overcome this problem, the combination of the voltammetry and the chemometric method can be one of the solution which can contribute to green analytical techniques to minimize the consumption of solvent and increased time efficiency. Hereby, we interest to study and investigate the optimum condition for detection of Samarium through complex formation with DTPA using differential pulse voltammetry with modified graphite pencil electrode conducted by a Plackett-Burman experimental design. The selected factors, which shows a positive response to the current by the Plackett-Burman method, were optimized based on the Box-Behnken design to obtain the optimum conditions. The obtained precision and accuracy value for Sm-DTPA under optimum condition are 99.5% and 98.6%. The detection and quantitation limits respectively for Sm-DTPA were 27.44 mgL(-1) and 91.53 mgL(-1). Importantly this work provides an effective approach with economically cheap and less chemical consumption.