Light-Driven Sustainable Hydrogen Production Utilizing TiO2 Nanostructures: A Review

As a promising alternative clean energy to fossil fuels, H-2 has been given increasing attention, and efficient H-2 production is urgently required. Photocatalytic H-2 generation from water splitting (WS) is deemed to be a promising and green route for H-2 production. TiO2 has been widely utilized in WS owing to the stability, low cost, corrosion resistance, and environmental safety properities. Nevertheless, two dominant defects (inferior absorption performance in visible light and recombination of photogenerated e(-)-h(+) pairs) still impede the development of TiO2. This review offers a comprehensive overview of the progress of various routes for TiO2 nanostructures (0D-3D) and diversified modifications for enhanced H-2 production. Further, the perspectives and opportunities for TiO2 based materials are promoted. Persistent efforts are needed to equip the TiO2 nanomaterials with original advanced commercialization and functionality.