Improved oxygen reduction activity of porous carbon materials by self-doping nitrogen derived from PVP with urea as a promoter

A novel nitrogen (N)-doped carbon catalyst has been prepared using a simple but effective method by pyrolyzing polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as the precursor and urea as a promoter. The physicochemical measurements results show that the sample upon adding urea not only has a porous structure with high surface area, but possesses more active N content and edge defects than the sample without adding urea. The electrochemical characterizations show that the catalyst owns a good oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity and a nearly 4-electron pathway selectivity in alkaline media. Notably, the onset potential of the catalyst is equal to the commercial Pt/C catalyst, and its half-wave potential is only 30 mV lower than that of Pt/C. Moreover, our catalyst exhibits impressive durability and excellent resistance to methanol crossover and CO poisoning in comparison with Pt/C catalyst. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.