Heat Transfer Analysis of Cu-Al2O3-Water and Cu-Al2O3-Kerosene Oil Hybrid Nanofluids in the Presence of Frictional Heating: Using 3-Stage Lobatto IIIA Formula

In the present research article, heat transfer analysis of Blasius and Sakiadis flows of hybrid nanofluids is performed. Analysis is performed by using two types of hybrid nanofluids namely, Cu-Al2O3-water and Cu-Al2O3-kerosene oil. The energy dissipation function is incorporated in the energy equation. Boundary layer approximations are used to simplify the governing equations and transformed into dimensionless non-linear ODE's by applying the suitable similarity transformations. Numerical solutions of the resulting coupled non-linear ordinary differential equations are obtained using MATLAB built-in routine bvp4c. The effects of physical flow parameters on the temperature and velocity field are shown through various graphs and discussed in detail. The analysis reveals that temperature of base fluids (water and Kerosene oil), convectional nanofluids and hybrid nanofluid increases with increasing values of Eckert number. Further, the comparative analysis reveals that the thickness thermal boundary layer of hybrid nanofluids are thicker than the convectional nanofluids.