期刊
MOLECULES
卷 22, 期 3, 页码 -出版社
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/molecules22030412
关键词
Gaultheria procumbens; leaves; lipophilic extracts; GC-MS; anti-inflammatory activity; seasonal variation
资金
- Medical University of Lodz [503/3-022-01/503-31-001, 502-03/3-022-01/502-34-058, 503/3-045-01/503-31-001, 503/3-015-01/503-31-002]
The phytochemical profile and anti-inflammatory activity of Gaultheria procumbens dry lipophilic leaf extracts were evaluated. Forty compounds were identified by GC-MS, representing 86.36% and 81.97% of the petroleum ether (PE) and chloroform (CHE) extracts, respectively, with ursolic acid (28.82%), oleanolic acid (10.11%), methyl benzoate (10.03%), and methyl salicylate (6.88%) dominating in CHE, and methyl benzoate (21.59%), docosane (18.86%), and octacosane (11.72%) prevailing in PE. Three components of CHE were fully identified after flash chromatography isolation and spectroscopic studies as (6S,9R)-vomifoliol (4.35%), 8-demethyl-latifolin (1.13%), and 8-demethylsideroxylin (2.25%). Hyaluronidase and lipoxygenase inhibitory activity was tested for CHE (IC50 = 282.15 +/- 10.38 g/mL and 899.97 +/- 31.17 g/mL, respectively), PE (IC50 = 401.82 +/- 16.12 g/mL and 738.49 +/- 15.92 g/mL), and nine of the main constituents versus heparin (IC50 = 366.24 +/- 14.72 g/mL) and indomethacin (IC50 = 92.60 +/- 3.71 g/mL) as positive controls. With the best activity/concentration relationships, ursolic and oleanolic acids were recommended as analytical markers for the extracts and plant material. Seasonal variation of both markers following foliar development was investigated by UHPLC-PDA. The highest levels of ursolic (5.36-5.87 mg/g DW of the leaves) and oleanolic (1.14-1.26 mg/g DW) acids were observed between August and October, indicating the optimal season for harvesting.
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